Ni‘ihau is the smallest inhabited island in Hawai‘i but nearly twice as large as uninhabited Kaho‘olawe. It is roughly 18 miles long and from 3 to 6 miles wide with a total area of approximately 70 square miles. The elevation of Pānī‘au, its highest peak, is only 1280 feet, which—along with being in the rain shadow of neighboring Kaua‘i—explains the arid climate of the island. Its population was 84 in 2020.

Kauai, often referred to as the Garden Isle, is the oldest and fourth largest of the main Hawaiian Islands. It's known for its lush, tropical landscapes, stunning beaches, and diverse range of outdoor activities. The 2020 United States census population of the island was 73,298. The most populous town is Kapa'a.